Internal combustion engines



May 1958 5. G. PRIMAKOFF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Oct. 2, 1956 v Inventor GREGORY lql R/lwwcw R/MAKQFF 6414/214 48mm, flmaam A Horn e ys May 1958 G. G. PRIMAKOFF INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed-Oct. 2, 1956 I n venior 6RE60RY G4VRl/LOV/OH PR/MAKOFF 5;

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 2, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 InventorGREGORY Game/mower! PRIMAKOFF A llorneva itates United INTERNALCOMBUSTIQN ENGINES Gregory Gavriilovich Primakoif, Bombay, IndiaApplication October 2, 1956, Serial No. 613,494

6 Claims. (Cl. 123122) where correct conditions are set up for theefficient combustion of the fuel delivered from the carburetor. The fuelmixture is converted into gaseous state and the heat of the exhaustgases of the engine is utilised for such conversion.

We are aware that it is already known to vaporise the fuel before it isintroduced in the cylinders by utilising the heat from the exhaust gaseswhich heat is supplied by one of the following means:

(a) The air is preheated before it enters the carburetor;

(b) The intake manifold is covered by a jacket through which exhaustgases are passed.

This invention has for its object to propose an improved method of anddevice for converting the fuel mixture into gaseous state before it isintroduced into the cylinders of the engine.

It is also the object of this invention to propose means forsupplying'water to the fuel mixture for cooling the gases that areformed from the fuel mixture.

It is usual in internal combustion engines to provide a mixing devicesuch as a carburetor in which the fuel and air are mixed, the respectivevolumes of each being controlled. The mixture is drawn into the intakemanifold by suction and from the said manifold the mixture is fed to therespective cylinders with which the manifold is communicating. Inengines employing the carburetor and the intake manifold, it has beenimpossible heretobefore, it is believed, to distribute the fuel mixtureuniformly to all the cylinders.

Another object of this invention resides, therefore, in

thedistribution of uniform quantity of fuel mixture at substantiallyuniform speed simultaneously to all the cylinders of the engine.

According to this invention the improved method of supply ordistributing fuel mixture to the cylinders is characterised by that thefuel mixture from the carburetor is first lead into an inlet chamberwhich chamber has a restricted outlet passage and through this outletpassage the fuel mixture is led into a second inlet chamber and at thearea of the said outlet passage, the fuel mixture is converted into agaseous state, the heat at the passage being supplied by the exhaustgases of the cylinders, the fuel mixture in gaseous state being thensupplied to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

According to another feature of this invention the total area of theoutlet passage from the first inlet chamber to the second inlet chamberis not less than the opening of the intake fuel pipe from the carburetorleading into the said first inlet chamber.

The construction and structure of the inlet manifold and the exhaustgases outlet manifold have been modified in accordance with thisinvention. The inlet and the exhaust manifolds are so combined into asingle body that the heat from the exhaust manifold can be utilised andthis body for the purpose of convenience is referred to as a compositemanifold.

The composite manifold according to this invention consists of a bodyincluding three chambers, a first fuel inlet chamber having an openingin its wall for receiving the fuel mixture from the carburetor, a secondfuel inlet chamber communicating with the first chamber through a narrowoutlet passage or slit, a third chamber housed within the second chamberand placed adjacent to the said slit, said third chamber communicatingwith the exhaust ports of the cylinders and having an outlet for exhaustgases, the second chamber having inlet ports on the opposite side of thesaid slit, said ports being connected to the inlet ports of thecylinders.

The invention will now be more fully described with reference to theaccompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 shows sectional plan of the combined or composite inlet andexhaust manifold;

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show respectively sections at BB, CC, DD, EE andFF of the composite manifold.

Fig. 7 shows the end View of the composite manifold.

Fig. 8 shows a perspective view partly in section.

Referring to the drawings, 1 shows a casting for the composite manifoldbody and in this is included the first inlet chamber 2 which has a fuelinlet opening 3 to receive the fuel mixture from the carburetor (notshown). The chamber 2 extends along the length of the engine andparticularly up to the inlet ports 4 in the body opening into therespective cylinders (not shown). The embodiment shows by way ofillustration a composite manifold for a six cylinder automobile enginein which the inlet ports at the ends feed two cylinders. 5 are theexhaust outlet ports in the body 1 and these receive the hot spent gasesfrom the cylinders.

The chamber 2 is completely closed except for the fuel inlet opening 3and a restricted passage or slit 6 from the said chamber. The passage 6is in the form of a continuous or interrupted slit and its dimensionsare such that the total area of said passage 6 is not less than the areaof the inlet opening 3. The area of the passage or slit 6 is preferablyequal to or slightly larger than the area of the inlet opening 3. Theslit 6 is formed by projections or guides 8A and 9A of two covers 8 and9 for the composite manifold as will be clear from the sections at CCand EE respectively.

When the engine is running, the fuel is drawn by suc tion through thecarburetor and then through the inlet pipe which normally leads to theinlet manifold. In this case the fuel mixture first enters the firstfuel inlet chamber 2 and then through the slit 6 enters a second fuelinlet chamber 7 and from the said chamber 7 it is drawn into thecylinders of the engine through inlet ports 4.

The second chamber 7 includes the exhaust gases chamber 10 and accordingto a preferredfeature the body or manifold 12 for this chamber is sopositioned or located within the chamber 7 as to allow the fuel mixtureto contact the outer surface of the said manifold as soon as the fuelm'mture is drawn through the slit 6 and wherea and keep the oil cleanlonger, which in such state drawn into'the area of larger section marked7'Aintne second fuel inlet chamber 7.

Sections at CC and EE will illustrate that the exhaust gases chamber ismade in. the shape of a falling. liquid drop or pear shaped in sectionso'that thefue'l. mixture drawn from the passage 6 by the suction of theengine immediately contacts a major area of the surface of the said body12 thereby ensuring complete vaporisation, The converging shape of thebody 12 affords easy flow .to

the gases into the enlarged section 7A of the second cham- The fuelmixture first contacts the body 12' immediately a at the foutltmouth of,the slit 6 and is directed along the narrow clearance. 6A so that anintimate contact ensuring complete vaporisation is established.

11 shows the packing material between the covers 8' and 9 and thecomposite body 1.

It will be'noticed that the fuel mixture first enters th V chamber 2 andfrom the said chamber it leaves through the slit 6 where it is convertedinto gaseous state and it then enters the second inlet chamber 7 Q Inthis chamber the fuel mixture is in complete gaseous state and,thereforeits distribution to the respective cylinders is uniform. Thequality of the fuel gas fed to all the cylinders is also uniform so thatby. virtue of this con stru'ction the conditions created are such as toresult in even distribution of uniform quality of fuelin gaseous statesimultaneouslyto all the cylinders.

By the useof the device the fuel mixture which is con- 'vertedintogaseous state will travel at a uniform rate of speed and will,therefore, be simultaneously supplied in uniform required volume to eachof the cylinders in the engine.

The wall 1A of the composite manifold and the exhaust manifold or body12 can be made integral with each other as shown in the embodiment. Thechambers 2 and 7 are formed by the help of upper and lower covers 8 and9' and by the help'of guides 8A and 9A, the narrow slit or passage isformed 6 and clearances 6A are formed.

carburettor to the cylinders of the engine which comprises a compositebody 'including'three chambers viz: a first fuel inlet chamber having anopening in its wall for receiving the. fuel mixture from thecarburettor, a second fuel inlet chamber communicating with the firstchamber through a narrow outlet passage or slit,'a third chamber housedwith the second chamber and placed adjacent to the said slit, said thirdchamber being adapted to communicate with the exhaust ports of thecylinders and havirig an outlet for exhaust gases, the second chamberhaving inlet ports communicating with the inlet ports of the.

cylinders. p

2. In combination'withan internal combustion engine a device as claimedin claim I inrwhich the total area of the passage or slit from the firstinlet'chamber to the second inlet chamber is not less than the openingof the carburettor fuel mixture outlet pipe or the fuel mixture inletpipe to the first fuel inlet chamber. I i

3.111 combination with an internal combustion engine a device forsupplyin'gthe combustible mixture fromthei carburettor to the cylindersof theengine which com prises a composite bodyincluding threechambersviz: a

V first fuel inlet chamber; having an opening in its wall for receivingthe fuel mixture'from the carburettor, a second fuel inlet chambercommunicating with the first chamber through, a narrow outlet passage orslit, a third chamber, housed with the second chamber and placedadjacent. to the said slit, said third chamber being adapted tocommunicate with the exhaust ports of the cylinders and having an outletfor exhaust gases, the second chamber having' inlet ports communicatingwith the inlet: ports of the cylinders, and wherein the composite bodyisrformed.

' by top and bottom covers and an exhaust manifold body Thisconstruction is important to thesuccessf'ul functioning. of; the device.

'14 shows. the flanges by which the composite manifold isconnected tothe engine,

15 shows a fibre glass cover.

13, shows a water pipe connecti'on leading into a Water tank- (notshown). A small predetermined quantity of water. is also drawn into thecharge by-suction. quantity of water can, however, be controlled by anyconvenient known means. mended to cool the gaseous fuelmixture wherebythe 'etficiency of the engine is improved.i

The device herein proposed will afford effective vaporisationof the fuelfor the internal combustion engine.

As fuelyenter's into the combustion chamber in the form of gas it cannotseep into oil sump in the form of fuel, even if firing has not takenplace in the cylinder due to some reason. The gas will find its exitthrough the usual air outlet. in the oil chamber. This factor illprevent contamination of the oil in the oil chamber turn will prolongthe life of the engine. 7 a

I claim: 7 7

1. In combination with internal combustion engines a device forsupplying the combustible mixture from the The use of water is recom-The with a wall of the first inlet chamber whereby the first fuel inletand the second fuel inlet chambers and the ex haust chamber, and theslit are respectively formed. v

4. In combination with an internal combustion engine a device as claimedin claim 3 in which the top and the bottom covers have guides in theform of project-ions'zat their inside which projections combinedly formthe out.- let passage from the first fuel inlet chamber to the secondfuel inlet. chamber. 7 a

5. In combination with an internal combustion. engine a device forsupplying the combustible mixture from the. careburettor to thecylinders of the engine whicmcomprises a composite body includingthree-chambers, the

first fuel inlet chamber, a second fuel inlet chamber; and e an exhaustchamber within the second fuelinlet cham I her, said body with the threechambers beingiflformedtby a single casting with top and bottom covers,said-single casting, comprising a wall of the'first inlet chamber andthe exhaust manifold, the covers having guides in the form ofprojections at their inside which projections com-' binedly form theoutlet passage or slit from the firstfuel inlet chamber to the secondfuel inlet chamber, the sec.-

' tion of the exhaust manifold being in the shape of a drop in itssection, the larger area surface of said exhaust manifold being close tothe exhaust outlet passage or. slit.

6. In combination with an internal combustion engine a device as claimedin claim 3 in which packing material is provided between the top andbottom covers andthe body..

References Cited in the file of this. patent UNIIED STATES. PATENTS1,273,356 Good Iu1y'23, 1918

